Iconicity Atlas
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Instructions:

  • Please read the instruction and the questions carefully;
  • Abbreviations int., n. and v. stand for interjection (e.g., ha-ha), noun (e.g., laughter) and verb (e.g., laugh) respectively;
  • If your language has ideophones[*]Ideophone is ‘a vivid representation of an idea in sound; a word, often onomatopoeic, which describes a predicate, qualificative or adverb in respect to manner, color, sound, smell, action, state or intensity’ (Doke 1935)., please enter them under interjection, adding (id.) in parentheses;
  • Your answers should NOT be a direct translation of the name of the concept given in the first column – the name of the concept is just an umbrella term for a group of words related by meaning (e.g., under LAUGH English giggle, guffaw, snigger etc. are grouped);
  • There may be more than one answer possible (e.g., for the concept LAUGH you may enter (int.) ha-ha, ho-ho, (n.) laughter, giggle, snigger etc. separated by commas);
  • It is possible that your language may not contain words denoting all the listed concepts, or the concepts might not be expressed by certain parts of speech (most probably, there would be no interjection); in this case, please, indicate the absence of a word by a dash ‘—’;
  • One word can define several concepts (e.g., English cry is used to denote two concepts – WHEEP and SHOUT);
  • You are most welcome to give your own comments on the usage or origin of the words in the section ‘Comments’.
  • If your language uses an alphabet other than Latin or other writing systems (e.g. hieroglyphs), please provide a transcription. If you have never transcribed the words in your language and/or not sure how to do the transcription, provide only the written form of the word.



N Name of iconic concept Question(s) Answer(s) Comments
71. SNEEZE How do you imitate the sound of sneezing? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)?
int.
n.
v.
72. SNIFF
breathe in 		How do you imitate a sound of drawing air through the nose in short audible inhalations? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)?
int.
n.
v.
73. SNIVEL
mucus 		How do you imitate the sound of blowing your nose? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)?
int.
n.
v.
74. SNORE
human, sleep 		How do you imitate a hoarse or harsh sound caused by the vibrating of the soft palate while sleeping, snoring? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)?
int.
n.
v.
75. SNORT
animal 		How do you imitate a loud harsh sound animals make when they force their breath violently through their nostrils? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)?
int.
n.
v.
76. SPIT
human 		How do you name an act of ejecting saliva from your mouth and a sound accompanying such an action?
int.
n.
v.
77. SPLASH
water 		How do you imitate a sound of dashing or noisy agitation of a liquid, a splash? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)?
int.
n.
v.
78. SQUEAK
mouse 		How do you imitate a high-pitched sound  uttered by a mouse? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)?
int.
n.
v.
79. STAMMER
speech 		How do you name a manner of speech with sudden involuntary pauses, esp. as a result of a speech disorder or caused by fear, stress, etc.? How do you name the action of speaking in such way?
int.
n.
v.
80. STOMP
foot 		How do you name an act of bringing the foot or feet down   forcibly,or stomping? A sound that may accompany such an action?
int.
n.
v.























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